18. Pyotr Chaadaev, Philosophical Letter (1829, published 1836), as quoted in Figes,Natashas Dance, 132, and
14. Catherine II,Nakaz (Instru) to the Legislative ission of 1767ndash;68, 80.
12. Catherine II,Nakaz (Instru) to the Legislative ission of 1767ndash;68, in Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, 80.
13. Maria Lipman, Lev Gudkov, Lasha Bakradze, and Thomas de Waal, The Stalin Puzzle: Deciphering PostSoviet Public Opinion (Washington, D.C.: egie Endowment for Iional Peace, 2013) (对当代俄罗斯人的民意调查显示,47%的人接受以
说法:斯大林是一位睿智的领导人,他使苏联繁荣
大。30%的俄罗斯人认同以
说法:我国人民永远需要一位像斯大林一样的领导人。他将现
恢复秩序。)
17. Fyodor Dostoevsky,A Writers Diary (1881), as quoted in Figes,Natashas Dance, 308.
23. Wilhelm Schwarz,Die Heilige Allia
11. Cowles,Romanovs, 26ndash;28; Sumner,Peter the Great and the Emergence of Russia, 27; Figes,Natashas Dance, 4ndash;6.
21. Lin, The Romanovs, 404ndash;5.
rgence of Russia (New York: Collier Books, 1962), 45.
Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, 251. 恰达耶夫的评论因一针见血而广为
传,尽
当局
上查封此文,宣布作者有神经病,并把他置于警察监视之
。
19. Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov, May 24, 1882, editorial inMoskovskie vedomosti (Mosews), as excerpted in Verdansky,A Source Book for Russian History, 3:676.
20. Figes,Natashas Dance, 150.
22. Ibid., 405.
16. Halperin,Russia and the Golden Horde,126.
15. Nikolai Karamzin on Czar Alexander I, as quoted in W. Bruce Lin,The Romanovs: Autocrats of All the Russias (New York: Anchor Books, 1981), 489.
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